Posy By; Hanan Mannan
Contact Number: Pak (+92)-321-59-95-634
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            (Microsoft Windows shortcut keys)

Below is a listing of all the major Windows shortcut keys for all versions of Microsoft Windows. If you are looking for shortcut keys for Windows programs see our other computer keyboard shortcuts.

General Windows keyboard shortcuts

Alt + Tab

Switch between open applications in all versions of Windows. Reverse the direction by pressing Alt + Shift + Tab at the same time.

Ctrl + Tab

Switches between program groups, tabs, or document windows in applications that support this feature. Reverse the direction by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Tab at the same time.

Alt + double-click

Display the properties of the object you double-click on in Windows 95 and later. For example, doing this on a file would display its properties.

Alt + Print Screen

Create a screen shot only for the active program window in all versions of Windows. For example, if you opened the calculator and did this only the calculator window would be created as a screen shot. If just the Print Screen key is pressed the whole screen will be made into a screen shot.

Ctrl + Alt + Del

Open the Windows option screen for locking computer, switching user, Task Manager, etc. in later versions of Windows. Pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del multiple times will rebootthe computer.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc

Immediately bring up the Windows Task Manager in Windows 2000 and later.

Ctrl + Esc

Open the Windows Start menu in most versions of Windows. In Windows 8 this opens the Start screen and in Windows 3.x this would bring up the Task Manager.

Alt + Esc

Switch between open applications on Taskbar in Windows 95 and later.

Alt + Space bar

Drops down the window control menu for the currently open Windows program in Windows 95 and later.

Alt + Enter

Opens properties window of selected icon or program in Windows 95 and later.

Shift + Del

Will delete any file or other object without throwing it into the Recycle Bin in Windows 95 and later.

Hold down the Shift key

When putting in an audio CD or other CD that uses Autoplay, holding down the Shift key will prevent that CD from playing.

Windows function key shortcuts

Below is a listing of keyboard shortcuts that use the keyboard function keys. See ourwhat are F1 through F12 keys page for a full listing of what function keys do with all other programs.

F1

Activates help for current open application. If you're at the Windows Desktop, this will activate the help for Windows.

F2

Renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows.

F3

Starts find or search when at the Windows Desktop in all versions of Windows.

F4

In Windows 95 and later this opens the drive selection or address bar when browsing files in Windows Explorer.

• Pressing Alt + F4 closes the current open program window without a prompt in all versions of Windows.
• Pressing Ctrl + F4 closes the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows. This only works in programs that support multiple windows or tabs in the same program window.

F6

While in Windows Explorer, this will move the cursor to different Windows Explorer pane or in Windows 7 browse available drives.

F8

Pressing F8 over and over as the computer is booting will start the computer in Safe Mode.

F10

Activates the File menu bar in all versions of Windows.

• Simulates a right-click on selected item. This is useful if right-click is difficult or impossible using the mouse.

Windows keyboard key shortcuts

Below is a listing of Windows keys that can be used on computers running a Microsoft Windows 95 or later and using a keyboard with a Windows key. In the below list of shortcuts, the Windows key is represented by "WINKEY" and because not all these shortcuts will work in all versions of Windows we've mentioned what versions of Windows support each Windows key shortcut key.

All versions of Windows

WINKEY

Pressing the Windows key alone opens or hides the Windows Start menu. In Windows 8, this opens or hides the Start screen.

WINKEY + F1

Open the Microsoft Windows help and support center.

WINKEY + Pause / Break key

Open the System Properties window.

WINKEY + D

Opens the Desktop to the top of all other windows.

WINKEY + E

Open Microsoft Windows Explorer.

WINKEY + F

Display the Windows Search or Find feature.

WINKEY + Ctrl + F

Display the search for computers window.

WINKEY + L

Lock the computer and switch users if needed (Windows XP and above only).

WINKEY + M

Minimizes all windows.

WINKEY + Shift + M

Undo the minimize done by WINKEY + M and WINKEY + D.

WINKEY + R

Open the run window.

WINKEY + U

Open Utility Manager or the Ease of Access Center.

Windows XP only
Windows 7 and 8 only
Windows 8 only

Windows XP only

WINKEY + Tab

Cycle through open programs through the Taskbar.

Windows 7 and 8 only

WINKEY + 1-0

Pressing the Windows key and any of the top row number keys from 1 to 0 opens the program corresponding to the number of icon on the Taskbar. For example, if the first icon on the Taskbar was Internet Explorer pressing WINKEY + 1 would open that program or switch to it if already open.

WINKEY + (Plus (+) or Minus (-))

Open Windows Magnifier and zoom in with the plus symbol (+) and zoom out with the minus symbol (-).

• Press the WINKEY + ESC to close the Magnifier

WINKEY + Home

Minimize all windows except the active window.

WINKEY + P

Change between the monitor and projection display types or how second screen displays computer screen.

WINKEY + T

Set the focus on the Taskbar icons

WINKEY + Left arrow

Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the left side for side by side viewing.

WINKEY + Right arrow

Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the right side for side by side viewing.

WINKEY + Up arrow

When in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to full size.

WINKEY + Down arrow

Minimizes the screen.  Also, when in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to a minimized size.

Windows 8 only

WINKEY + ,

Peek at the Windows Desktop.

WINKEY + .

Snap a Windows App to the sides of the screen. Pressing it multiple times will switch between the right and left-hand side of the screen or unsnap the app.

WINKEY + Enter

Open Windows Narrator

WINKEY + C

Open the Charms.

WINKEY + G

Cycle through Desktop gadgets.

WINKEY + H

Open Share in Charms.

WINKEY + I

Open the Settings in Charms.

WINKEY + J

Switch between snapped apps.

WINKEY + K

Open Devices in Charms.

WINKEY + O

Lock the screen orientation.

WINKEY + X

Open the power user menu, which gives you access to many of the features most power users would want to use such as Device Manager, Control Panel, Event Viewer, Command Prompt, and much more.

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Post By: Hanan Mannan
Contact Number: Pak (+92)-321-59-95-634
-------------------------------------------------------

Unix and Linux shortcut keys

Introduction

Shortcuts are designed to help shorten the time required to perform frequently used commands or actions. In the below sections we have listed keyboard shortcut keys that can be performed by pressing two or more keys at once. In addition to keyboard shortcut keys, we have also listed command line shortcut keys that can be typed in at the shell.

Tip: Not all of the below shortcut keys and command line shortcuts will not work on all variants of Unix and Linux.

Keyboard shortcut keys

CTRL+B	Moves the cursor backward one character.
CTRL+C	Cancels the currently running command.
CTRL+D	Logs out of the current session.
CTRL+F	Moves the cursor forward one character.
CTRL+H	Erase one character. Similar to pressing backspace.
CTRL+P	Paste previous line(s).
CTRL+S	Stops all output on screen (XOFF).
CTRL+Q	Turns all output stopped on screen back on (XON).
CTRL+U	Erases the complete line.
CTRL+W	Deletes the last word typed in. For example, if you typed 'mv file1 file2' this shortcut would delete file2.
CTRL+Z	Cancels current operation, moves back a directory or takes the current operation and moves it to the background. See bg command for additional information about background.

Command line shortcuts

In addition to the below command line shortcuts, it is also helpful to use the alias command that allows you to specify a keyword for frequently used commands or mistakes.

~	Moves to the user's home directory.
!!	Repeats the line last entered at the shell. See history command for previous commands.
!$	Repeats the last argument for the command last used. See history command for previous commands.
reset	Resets the terminal if terminal screen is not displaying correctly.
shutdown -h now	Remotely or locally shuts the system down.

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Top 10 keyboard shortcuts everyone should know

Post By: Hanan Mannan
Contact Number: Pak (+92)-321-59-95-634
-------------------------------------------------------

Top 10 keyboard shortcuts everyone should know
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Using keyboard shortcuts can greatly increase your productivity, reduce repetitive strain, and help keep you focused. For example, highlighting text with the keyboard and pressing Ctrl + C is much faster than taking your hand from the keyboard, highlighting the text using the mouse, clicking copy from the file menu, and then putting your hand back in place on the keyboard. Below are our top 10 keyboard shortcuts we recommend everyone memorize and use.

Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert

Both Ctrl + C and Ctrl + Insert will copy the highlighted text or selected item.

Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert

Both the Ctrl + V and Shift + Insert will paste the text or object that's in theclipboard.

Ctrl + Z and Ctrl + Y

Undo any change. For example, if you cut text, pressing this will undo it. This can also often be pressed multiple times to undo multiple changes. Pressing Ctrl + Y would redo the undo.

Ctrl + F

Pressing Ctrl + F opens the Find in any program. This includes your Internet browser to find text on the current page.

Alt + Tab or Ctrl + Tab

Quickly switch between open programs moving forward.

Tip: Press Ctrl + Tab to switch between tabs in a program.

Tip: Adding the Shift key to Alt + Tab or Ctrl + Tab will move backwards. For example, if you are pressing Alt + Tab and pass the program you want to switch to, press Alt + Shift + Tab to move backwards to that program.

Tip: Windows Vista and 7 users can also press the Windows Key + Tab to switch through open programs in a full screenshot of the Window.

Ctrl + Back space and Ctrl + Left or Right arrow

Pressing Ctrl + Backspace will delete a full word at a time instead of a single character.

Holding down the Ctrl key while pressing the left or right arrow will move the cursor one word at a time instead of one character at a time. If you wanted to highlight one word at a time you can hold down Ctrl + Shift and then press the left or right arrow key to move one word at a time in that direction while highlighting each word.

Ctrl + S

While working on a document or other file in almost every program pressing Ctrl + Ssaves that file. This shortcut key should be used frequently anytime you're working on anything important.

Ctrl + Home or Ctrl + End

Ctrl + Home will move the cursor to the beginning of the document and Ctrl + Endwill move the cursor to the end of a document.

Ctrl + P

Open a print preview of the current page or document being viewed. For example, press Ctrl + P now to view a print preview of this page.

Page Up, Space bar, and Page Down

Pressing either the page up or page down key will move that page one page at a time in that direction. When browsing the Internet pressing the space bar also moves the page down one page at a time.

Tip: If you are using the space bar to go down one page at a time press the Shift key and space bar to go up one page at a time.

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What is the better INTEL or AMD (pros and cons) advantages-disadvantages CPU's?

Post By: Hanan Mannan
Contact Number: Pak (+92)-321-59-95-634
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What is the better INTEL or AMD (pros and cons) advantages-disadvantages CPU's?

COMPARING CPU'S
Some of the differences, advantages and disadvantages of Intel and AMD processors:

1. On the Intel instruction set was MMX, SSE, SSE2, and SSE3, but the AMD SSE2 and 3DNow. But of the many instruction used by Intel actually has existed in its AMD 3DNow that is not owned by Intel.
2. Maximum of 32K L1 on Intel, AMD is currently at 128K. Based on some tests of AMD with 128K L1 is superior to Intel.
3. Many transistors on an Intel 100 billion is AMD 105 billion.
4. The number of decoders, Integer, FP on intel AMD less than the differences that significantly improve the performance of AMD.
5. Temperature on an Intel processor may be arranged by themselves (the processor will reduce the speed if the processor is too hot), on AMD64 maximum temperature is 900C. Intel technology is more superior than AMD.
6. AMD is superior in the processing of communications applications, such as data transfer on the modem, ADSL, MP3, and doubly Suround Digital Sound.
7. Pipeline on Intel's longer than AMD, but Intel's pipeline problems at the exchange task, so the speed is slow intel pipeline under AMD.
8. Intel wins on brand image and marketnya, while AMD is a cheaper price.
9. On an Intel Pentium 4 standard price, performance lumanyan fast. Sure, for the affairs of less than masshi graphics with AMD, but at least not fast Intel processor heat.
10. On the AMD Athlon processor prices somewhat cheaper than Intel. Really good graphics, decent speed, but cepet really hotter than Intel.
11. For the price and power (electricity) use AMD's much cheaper and far-saving advantages that electricity was not out a lot of capital and cash-flow for the monthly (pay for electricity) is slightly lighter
    
    INTEL:
    Advantages: 
    • Variants have the fastest performance, even there has been no AMD processors can reply jd unmatchable range hrg pd> 2jt (ga emg exactly AMD have processors with hrg> 2jt).
    • Many say a very stable heavy use purposes and multi-tasking applications
    • Variants and the price range most widely
    • Clock ratio / performance best
    • Small power consumption with high performance
    INTEL:
    Disadvantages: 
    • They are more expensive
    • The number of variants may only confuse
    • The highest variant (Extreme Edition) expensive knock on wood
    • The price of a platform (processor + mobo + RAM) is high.
    AMD:
    Advantages:
    • Cheap prices, with balanced performance
    Variant is more directed toward economically with the price / performance ratio exceeding even the highest price / performance of Intel.
    
    • AMD's hot? says who? AMD's mah d dinosaur age still alive. Skrg, here uda much Reseller kl Quad-core AMD could even colder DRPD Intel Dual-core processors.
    • The highest variant (Black Edition) hrg with affordable priced, without losing face front d Intel processors at the same price.
    • Price platform (processor + mobo + RAM) cheaper without mengorbakan kseluruhan performance.
    
    AMD:
    Disadvantages:
    • DRPD higher power consumption Intel processor with similar performance
    • RasioClock / low performance lbh DRPD Intel (eg AMD Phenom II X4 955BE 3.2 GHz Intel just can ngimbangin reply Core 2 Quad Q9550 2.8 GHz and 3.6 GHz Phenom II 810 could diimbangin sm stock 2.6 GHz Core i5 750)
    
    Conclusion
    Intel's more powerful processors than AMD porsesor on multimedia applications and Multi-tasking, whereas AMD wins from Intel processors in its gaming and 3D programs. Ga no problem want to use AMD / INTEL Possible issue price considerations alone,,, AMD systems with capabilities equivalent to INTEL, INTEL cheaper than ... I underline, a system with equal ability you know ... Now please take your own conclusions ... to select which .... it's just as good ... The key can be retrieved with the specifications of masing2 brand ... because it's VITAL ...

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Computer Tips and Usefull Information

Post By: Hanan Mannan
Contact Number: Pak (+92)-321-59-95-634
-------------------------------------------------------

                                   Computer Tips and Usefull Information
                                           Inter & AMD

Intel	AMD
Core i7-2600, -2600K Core i7-965, -975 Extreme, -980X Extreme, -990X Extreme Core i7-970, -960 Core i5-2500, -2500K
Core i7-860, -870, -875K, -920, -930, -940, -950, Core i5-750, -760 Core 2 Extreme QX9775, QX9770, QX9650 Core 2 Quad Q9650 Core i3-2100	Phenom II X4 Black Edition 975
Core 2 Extreme QX6850, QX6800 Core 2 Quad Q9550, Q9450, Q9400 Core i5-650, -655K, -660, -661, -670, -680	Phenom II X6 1100T BE, 1090T BE, 1075T Phenom II X4 Black Edition 970, 965, 955
Core 2 Extreme QX6700 Core 2 Quad Q6700, Q9300, Q8400, Q6600, Q8300 Core 2 Duo E8600, E8500, E8400, E7600 Core i3 -530, -540, -550	Phenom II X6 1055T Phenom II X4 945, 940, 920, 910, 910e, 810 Phenom II X3 Black Edition 720, 740 Athlon II X4 645, 640, 635, 630 Athlon II X3 455, 450, 445, 440, 435
Core 2 Extreme X6800 Core 2 Quad Q8200 Core 2 Duo E8300, E8200, E8190, E7500, E7400, E6850, E6750	Phenom II X4 905e, 805 Phenom II X3 710, 705e Phenom II X2 565 BE, 560 BE, 555 BE, 550 BE, 545 Phenom X4 9950 Athlon II X4 620 Athlon II X3 425
Core 2 Duo E7200, E6550, E7300, E6540, E6700 Pentium Dual-Core E5700, E5800, E6300, E6500, E6600, E6700 Pentium G9650	Phenom X4 9850, 9750, 9650, 9600 Phenom X3 8850, 8750 Athlon II X2 265, 260, 255 Athlon 64 X2 6400+
Core 2 Duo E4700, E4600, E6600, E4500, E6420 Pentium Dual-Core E5400, E5300, E5200	Phenom X4 9500, 9550, 9450e, 9350e Phenom X3 8650, 8600, 8550, 8450e, 8450, 8400, 8250e Athlon II X2 240, 245, 250 Athlon X2 7850, 7750 Athlon 64 X2 6000+, 5600+
Core 2 Duo E4400, E4300, E6400, E6320 Celeron E3300	Phenom X4 9150e, 9100e Athlon X2 7550, 7450, 5050e, 4850e/b Athlon 64 X2 5400+, 5200+, 5000+, 4800+
Core 2 Duo E5500, E6300 Pentium Dual-Core E2220, E2200, E2210 Celeron E3200	Athlon X2 6550, 6500, 4450e/b, Athlon X2 4600+, 4400+, 4200+, BE-2400
Pentium Dual-Core E2180 Celeron E1600	Athlon 64 X2 4000+, 3800+ Athlon X2 4050e, BE-2300
Pentium Dual-Core E2160, E2140 Celeron E1500, E1400, E1200

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Python Introduction

Post By: Hanan Mannan
Contact Number: Pak (+92)-321-59-95-634
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Python Tutorial

Python is a general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented and high-level programming language. Python was created by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties. Like Perl, Python source code is also now available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Audience

This tutorial has been designed for software programmers with a need to understand the Python programming language starting from scratch. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on Python programming language from where you can take yourself to a higher level of expertise.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding with this tutorial you should have a basic understanding of Computer Programming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languages will help you in understanding the Python programming concepts and move fast on the learning track.

Execute Python Programs

For most of the examples given in this tutorial you will find Try it option, so just make use of it and enjoy your learning.

Try following example using Try it option available at the top right corner of the below sample code box:

#!/usr/bin/python

print "Hello, Python!";

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